NMN研究包括人體介入、動物、細胞及綜述,不能統稱為已證實功效的臨床報告。現有代表性人體試驗多為短期、特定人群,部分發現血液NAD或指定代謝與功能指標變化,也有未見差異的結果。這些資料不能直接證明延長人類壽命、治療多種疾病或所有成品均有效。
先記住 4 點
- 論文數量不等於人體效果強度。
- 先看人群、對照、份量、期間與主要結果。
- 登記與完成試驗,不代表已發表正面結果。
- 動物、細胞及生物指標不能直接換算健康承諾。
先找出論文是哪一類
手機可左右滑動查看完整表格。
| 類別 | 可以回答 | 不能直接回答 |
|---|---|---|
| 人體介入試驗 | 指定人群接受指定介入後的結果 | 所有年齡、長期使用或所有產品都有效 |
| 動物、細胞與組織研究 | 機制、模型表現與後續研究方向 | 人類服用後能治療相同疾病 |
| 綜述/觀點 | 作者如何整合和討論文獻 | 等同新增一項人體試驗 |
| 試驗登記 | 研究計劃、狀態、介入及可能的結果記錄 | 只要有編號或完成便代表效果成立 |
以下按2026年10月4日的核對整理,保留可辨認的文獻入口並合併重複條目。它是選讀索引,並非涵蓋全球每篇論文的系統性回顧;年份、標題及研究類型應回到原始記錄確認。
代表性人體試驗:看到甚麼,又沒有回答甚麼?
手機可左右滑動查看完整表格。
| 研究 | 設計與條件 | 結果的實際範圍 |
|---|---|---|
| Irie,2020(2019年先行公開) | 10名健康男性;分次單次100、250、500 mg;短期觀察 | 提供耐受及代謝資料,沒有安慰劑組;不是長期零風險證明 |
| Yoshino,2021 | 25名有糖尿病前期的過重/肥胖停經女性;250 mg每日、10星期 | 肌肉胰島素敏感度改善;不能延伸為所有代謝指標、男性或糖尿病治療 |
| Liao,2021 | 48名業餘跑手;4組、6星期,配合訓練 | 部分通氣閾值項目改善;最大攝氧量等結果不能一概稱全面提升 |
| Kim,2022 | 108名較年長成人;250 mg或安慰劑、早/晚分組、12星期 | 部分嗜睡與功能訊號需連同安慰劑、時段及多項結果判讀 |
| 健康成人試驗,2022 | 30人、250 mg每日、12星期、安慰劑對照 | 血液NAD相關結果與短期耐受;不等於壽命或疾病預防 |
| Christen等,2026 | 67人隨機、65人納入分析;NR、NMN、Nam及安慰劑,14天 | NR與NMN提升全血NAD;短期生物指標不能決定臨床優劣 |
原文可分別查看Irie、Yoshino、Liao、Kim、2022年健康成人試驗、2026年直接比較。表內份量是研究條件,不是自行用量建議。
閱讀一個「有效」結果前,先問六件事
「血液NAD增加」、「某項量表改善」與「疾病減少或壽命延長」是不同結果。人類細胞在培養皿的研究,也不能因為寫着human cells便算成人體服用試驗。
有NCT編號與有結果論文,是兩個步驟
NCT03151239登記可用來追查介入與研究設計;與它相關的Yoshino人體結果需要另外閱讀原始論文。登記顯示Completed,只描述研究狀態,不應自行加上「成功證實」或正面結論。
同一試驗可能有登記、主結果論文及後續分析,多個連結不代表多項獨立試驗。預印本則應標明尚未經同行評審,不能與已發表研究不加區分地計數。
動物結果是研究線索,不是人類疾病清單
例如小鼠卵母細胞、鼠類腦缺血、培養角膜細胞或心肌模型的結果,有助提出機制與後續試驗問題。但物種、疾病模型、給藥途徑與份量不同,不能直接說人類服用NMN可改善不育、治療中風、逆轉認知障礙或預防感染。
同樣,某研究使用NMN與其他成分、基因操作或注射,結果不能歸到一款單方口服成品。查看下面標題時,應連同研究模型一起讀,而不是把題目中的英文動詞當成對人的承諾。
分類文獻索引:從原始記錄繼續讀
此處保留已核對身份的舊目錄文獻,使用原題或縮短顯示的原題,讓讀者可以追查。部分題目沿用作者對模型的描述;分類不代表每篇研究都具有相同品質。對不上來源的舊標題不列作已核實證據。
人體介入試驗
完整判讀仍需查看人群、對照、介入與結果。
- 2022|Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects.
- 2022|Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized,…
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study.
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.
- 2020|Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men.
動物加探索性人體資料
這類探索性研究與大型對照試驗的證據強度不同;端粒或代謝指標變化不能直接換算成人類壽命。
基礎與轉譯研究
此組涵蓋動物、細胞、組織及機制研究;原題中的保護、逆轉或治療描述,僅指各自模型,不能讀成人類服用成品的效果。
- 2022|Supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide improves the quality of postovulatory aged porcine oocytes.
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in mice by blocking activation of ROS-mediated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway.
- 2022|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Ameliorates Cellular Senescence and Inflammation Caused by Sodium Iodate in RPE.
- 2022|Combination of nicotinamide mononucleotide and troxerutin induces full protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammatory response.
- 2022|Administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide improves oocyte quality of obese mice.
- 2022|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Coenzyme Q10 Protects Fibroblast Senescence Induced by Particulate Matter Preconditioned Mast Cells.
- 2022|Unique Deep Radiomic Signature Shows NMN Treatment Reverses Morphology of Oocytes from Aged Mice.
- 2022|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Triggers Macrophages Reprogramming and Alleviates Inflammation During Sepsis Induced by Experimental Peritonitis.
- 2022|Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis.
- 2022|Age-related disruption of the proteome and acetylome in mouse hearts is associated with loss of function and attenuated by elamipretide…
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation improves the quality of porcine oocytes under heat stress.
- 2022|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Restores Redox Homeostasis via the Sirt3-Nrf2 Axis and Protects Aged Mice from Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury.
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation protects the intestinal function in aging mice and D-galactose induced senescent cells.
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide reduces melanin production in aged melanocytes by inhibiting cAMP/Wnt signaling.
- 2022|The combination of nicotinamide mononucleotide and lycopene prevents cognitive impairment and attenuates oxidative damage in D-galactose induced aging models via…
- 2022|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Amends Protein Acetylome of Aged Mouse Liver.
- 2023|Distribution of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide after Intravenous Injection in Normal and Ischemic Stroke Mice.
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates acute lung injury by inducing mitonuclear protein imbalance and activating the UPRmt.
- 2022|NAD+ Precursors Repair Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes and Prevent Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy.
- 2022|NAD+-boosting molecules suppress mast cell degranulation and anaphylactic responses in mice.
- 2022|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes Caused by Short-Chain Enoyl-Coa Hydratase 1 Deficiency.
- 2022|Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia with NAD+ and NMN in two mouse models.
- 2022|NAD+ Anabolism Disturbance Causes Glomerular Mesangial Cell Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy.
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide alleviates heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in BMECs through reducing mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
- 2022|Multispectral autofluorescence characteristics of reproductive aging in old and young mouse oocytes.
- 2022|NAD+ ameliorates endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury in a sirtuin1-dependent manner via GSK-3β/Nrf2 signalling pathway.
- 2022|Intestinal Epithelial NAD+ Biosynthesis Regulates GLP-1 Production and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Mice.;另見更正記錄、更正記錄
- 2022|NAMPT mitigates colitis severity by supporting redox-sensitive activation of phagocytosis in inflammatory macrophages.
- 2022|NAD supplementation improves mitochondrial performance of cardiolipin mutants.
- 2022|Antioxidant effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide in tendinopathy.
- 2022|Restoring nuclear entry of Sirtuin 2 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promotes remyelination during ageing.
- 2022|Mitochondrial dysregulation occurs early in ALS motor cortex with TDP-43 pathology and suggests maintaining NAD+ balance as a therapeutic strategy.
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases cell viability and restores tight junctions in high-glucose-treated human corneal epithelial cells via the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
- 2022|PINK1-parkin-mediated neuronal mitophagy deficiency in prion disease.
- 2022|Nicotinamide mononucleotide promotes pancreatic islet function through the SIRT1 pathway in mice after severe burns.
- 2022|NMN recruits GSH to enhance GPX4-mediated ferroptosis defense in UV irradiation induced skin injury.
- 2022|Pretreatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide increases the effect of ischaemic postconditioning on cardioprotection and mitochondrial function following ex vivo myocardial reperfusion…
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats.
- 2022|Long-term treatment of Nicotinamide mononucleotide improved age-related diminished ovary reserve through enhancing the mitophagy level of granulosa cells in mice.
- 2021|β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Administrated by Intraperitoneal Injection Mediates Protection Against UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Mice.
- 2021|NMN Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis by Regulating the Gut Microbiota.
- 2021|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Cognitive Impairments.
- 2021|The new insight into extracellular NAD+ degradation-the contribution of CD38 and CD73 in calcific aortic valve disease.
- 2021|Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy.;另見更正記錄、更正記錄
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis by regulating oxidative stress and Smad3 acetylation.
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide augments the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in young and elderly mice.
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates senescence in alveolar epithelial cells.
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide and melatonin counteract myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating SIRT3/FOXO1 and reducing apoptosis in aged male rats.
- 2021|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Combined With Lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 Reduces the Photoaging Damage in Murine Skin by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway.
- 2021|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis After AKI by Suppressing Tubular DNA Damage and Senescence.
- 2021|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Restores the Meiotic Competency of Porcine Oocytes Exposed to Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether.
- 2021|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates Hyperosmolarity-Induced IL-17a Secretion and Macrophage Activation in Corneal Epithelial Cells/Macrophage Co-Culture System.
- 2021|Generation and assessment of high-quality mouse oocytes and embryos following nicotinamide mononucleotide administration.
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation to prevent liver fibrosis via promoting PGE2 degradation.
- 2020|Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in a photoreceptor degenerative model of retinal detachment.
- 2020|SS-31 and NMN: Two paths to improve metabolism and function in aged hearts.
- 2020|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reverses the Declining Quality of Maternally Aged Oocytes.
- 2020|Reversal of endothelial dysfunction by nicotinamide mononucleotide via extracellular conversion to nicotinamide riboside.
- 2020|Mitochondrial DNA mutation exacerbates female reproductive aging via impairment of the NADH/NAD+ redox.
- 2020|Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates glucocorticoid‑induced osteogenic inhibition by regulating the SIRT1/PGC‑1α signaling pathway.
- 2020|Nicotinamide mononucleotide administration after sever hypoglycemia improves neuronal survival and cognitive function in rats.
- 2020|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons.
- 2020|NAD+ precursors protect corneal endothelial cells from UVB-induced apoptosis.
- 2020|Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes neurovascular rejuvenation in aged mice: transcriptional footprint of SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic…
- 2020|Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Reduces Metabolic Impairment in Male Mouse Offspring from Obese Mothers.
- 2020|Mechanisms of transformation of nicotinamide mononucleotides to cerebral infarction hemorrhage based on MCAO model.
- 2020|Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates the depression-like behaviors and is associated with attenuating the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in depressed mice.
- 2020|NAD+ Repletion Rescues Female Fertility during Reproductive Aging.
- 2020|Cardiomyocyte Sirt (Sirtuin) 7 Ameliorates Stress-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Interacting With and Deacetylating GATA4.
- 2019|Investigating RNA expression profiles altered by nicotinamide mononucleotide therapy in a chronic model of alcoholic liver disease.
- 2019|Altered muscle electrical tissue properties in a mouse model of premature aging.
- 2020|Melatonin and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Hemodynamic Parameters in Aged Rats.
- 2019|Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment attenuates oxidative stress and rescues angiogenic capacity in aged cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells: a potential mechanism for…
- 2019|Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes anti-aging miRNA expression profile in the aorta of aged mice, predicting epigenetic rejuvenation and anti-atherogenic…
- 2019|Nicotinamide mononucleotide alters mitochondrial dynamics by SIRT3-dependent mechanism in male mice.
- 2019|Telomere Dysfunction Induces Sirtuin Repression that Drives Telomere-Dependent Disease.
- 2019|Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescues cerebromicrovascular endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses and improves cognitive function in aged mice.
- 2019|Role of Nampt-Sirt6 Axis in Renal Proximal Tubules in Extracellular Matrix Deposition in Diabetic Nephropathy.
- 2019|Nicotinamide mononucleotide promotes osteogenesis and reduces adipogenesis by regulating mesenchymal stromal cells via the SIRT1 pathway in aged bone marrow.
- 2018|CA1 Nampt knockdown recapitulates hippocampal cognitive phenotypes in old mice which nicotinamide mononucleotide improves.
- 2019|Nicotinamide mononucleotide alleviates Aluminum induced bone loss by inhibiting the TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome.
- 2018|Sirtuin 3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis protects against AGEs-induced intervertebral disc degeneration.
- 2018|Nicotinamide mononucleotide preserves mitochondrial function and increases survival in hemorrhagic shock.
- 2018|Cardioprotection by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN): Involvement of glycolysis and acidic pH.
- 2018|Loss of NAMPT in aging retinal pigment epithelium reduces NAD+ availability and promotes cellular senescence.
- 2018|Impairment of an Endothelial NAD+-H2S Signaling Network Is a Reversible Cause of Vascular Aging.;另見更正記錄
- 2017|Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation ameliorates the impact of maternal obesity in mice: comparison with exercise.
- 2017|Endogenous Nampt upregulation is associated with diabetic nephropathy inflammatory-fibrosis through the NF-κB p65 and Sirt1 pathway; NMN alleviates diabetic nephropathy…
- 2017|Short-term administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide preserves cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents heart failure.
- 2017|NAD replenishment with nicotinamide mononucleotide protects blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuates delayed tissue plasminogen activator-induced haemorrhagic transformation after cerebral ischaemia.
- 2017|Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells.
- 2017|Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide replenishment rescues colon degeneration in aged mice.
- 2017|Nicotinamide mononucleotide requires SIRT3 to improve cardiac function and bioenergetics in a Friedreich's ataxia cardiomyopathy model.
- 2017|Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
- 2017|Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits JNK activation to reverse Alzheimer disease.
- 2016|Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice.
- 2016|Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits post-ischemic NAD(+) degradation and dramatically ameliorates brain damage following global cerebral ischemia.
- 2016|Head to Head Comparison of Short-Term Treatment with the NAD(+) Precursor Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and 6 Weeks of Exercise in…
- 2016|Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation reverses vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging in mice.
- 2014|Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves energy activity and survival rate in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease.
- 2014|Nicotinamide mononucleotide, an intermediate of NAD+ synthesis, protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion.
- 2011|Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD(+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice.
- 2020|NAD+ precursor modulates post-ischemic mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species generation via SIRT3 dependent mechanisms.
綜述與觀點
這些文章整合或討論已有資料;不是新增一組服用NMN的受試者。
- 2022|The role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in anti-aging, longevity, and its potential for treating chronic conditions.
- 2021|NAD+ Metabolism in Cardiac Health, Aging, and Disease.
- 2021|Nicotinamide mononucleotide: An emerging nutraceutical against cardiac aging?
- 2020|Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease.
- 2020|The interplay between oxidative stress and bioenergetic failure in neuropsychiatric illnesses: can we explain it and can we treat it?
- 2020|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism.
- 2019|Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders.
- 2019|Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Exploration of Diverse Therapeutic Applications of a Potential Molecule.
- 2016|The first human clinical study for NMN has started in Japan.
- 2019|Role of endothelial NAD+ deficiency in age-related vascular dysfunction.
- 2019|Novel tubular-glomerular interplay in diabetic kidney disease mediated by sirtuin 1, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Oshima Award Address…
- 2019|Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide emerges as a therapeutic target in aging and ischemic conditions.
- 2019|Targeting NAD+ Metabolism as Interventions for Mitochondrial Disease.
- 2019|Multi-targeted Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Brain Bioenergetic Metabolism.
- 2018|Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its related precursors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
論文與成品之間,還要完成最後一個比對
先找實際原料、每份含量、配方、食用指示及批次品質資料,再問成品是否與研究相同。川御現行NMN官方頁提供產品核對入口;這份研究索引並不是該成品完成上述全部試驗的證明。
研究作者、機構名稱或公開訪談,也不能自行轉成醫生對某品牌的背書。選擇時應按研究本身與完整產品資料判斷。
常見問題
目錄有上百篇,代表上百項人體試驗?
不是。當中有動物、細胞、綜述、重複條目及研究登記,必須分開看。
細胞來自人類,就等於人體效果?
不是。離體細胞的機制結果與人服用產品後的結果不同。
完成試驗就代表成功?
完成是狀態;要另看結果、有沒有適當對照,以及主要結果是否支持結論。
NAD增加就代表逆齡?
不能直接換算。生物指標、日常功能、疾病及壽命是不同層次的結果。
怎樣選一篇開始讀?
先選與問題最接近的人體試驗,核對人群、介入、對照與主要結果,再查相關機制研究。
同一主題可以繼續睇
資料來源
- Irie等(2020):單次口服NMN — 10名健康男性短期耐受及代謝。
- Yoshino等(2021):糖尿病前期女性試驗 — 特定人群、肌肉胰島素敏感度。
- Liao等(2021):業餘跑手試驗 — 訓練背景、指定運動指標。
- Kim等(2022):年長成人試驗 — 時段、睡眠與功能結果需分開。
- 健康成人NMN試驗(2022) — 血液NAD與短期耐受。
- Christen等(2026):NR、NMN、Nam比較 — 14天全血NAD指標。
- ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03151239 — 登記與發表結果不是同一證據狀態。
最後更新:2026 年 10 月 4 日